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Asnita Ode Samili et.al (Habits and Lifestyles of Coastal....)

Habits and Lifestyles of Coastal Communities in

Disposing of Garbage in Madapolo Village, North Obi

District

Asnita Ode Samili

a,1

, Jainudin Hasim

b,2

, Syarifuddin Adjam

c,3

, Anggit Sasmita

d,4

a,c,d

Khairun University, Jl. Bandara Sultan Babullah Kel. Akehuda, North Ternate District

Nahdlatul Ulama University of North Maluku, Jl. Cempaka Kel. Tanah Tinggi Kec. Kota Ternate South

asnitaode123@gmail.com;

jainudinhasim433@gmail.com;

syarifuddinadjam201@gmail.com;

anggit.sasmita@unkhair.ac.id

Corresponding Author: asnitaode123@gmail.com

INFO ARTIKEL

ABSTRACT

Article History:

Accepted: 21 Juni 2025

Revised: 16 Agustus 2025

Approved: 19 Oktober 2025

Available Online: 1 November

2025

This study aims to describe the habits and lifestyles of coastal

communities in disposing of garbage in Madapolo Village, North Obi

District, as well as the factors that affect it. The problem of waste in

coastal areas is increasingly complex due to low public awareness, lack

of waste management facilities, and strong hereditary habit of

throwing garbage into the sea. This study uses a qualitative approach

with a descriptive type of research. Data were collected through

observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed

using thematic analysis methods. The results showed that 74% of

people still have poor behavior in disposing of garbage, 78% have

habits of less concern for the environment, and 73% have a lifestyle

that does not support cleanliness. The educSelatanation factor is one of

the main causes, where 92% of respondents are poorly educated, so

understanding of the impact of waste on the environment is still

limited. In addition, work as a fisherman and other economic activities

also shaped the habit of people throwing garbage directly into the sea

because it was considered practical. The lack of role of community

leaders, weak regulations, and lack of facilities such as garbage dumps

also aggravate the condition. This study concludes that behavior

change requires comprehensive intervention through environmental

education, provision of facilities, involvement of traditional and

religious leaders, and the application of social and legal sanctions. With

a strategy based on community participation and local wisdom, it is

hoped that positive behavior and a clean, healthy, and sustainable

coastal environment will be formed.

This is an open access article under CC BY-SA license

Keywords:

Habit

Lifestyle

Garbage

Village

Madapolo

1. Introduction

Coastal areas have a strategic role in supporting the social, economic, and ecological life

of an area. The area is not only a place of residence for people who depend on marine

resources for their livelihoods, but also serves as a hub for various economic activities, such

as fisheries, tourism, and trade. However, despite its significant contribution, coastal areas

face complex environmental problems, especially related to pollution from plastic waste and

household waste irresponsibly dumped into the sea and coast. The problem of waste in

coastal areas has now become a national and global issue because it has a negative impact on

marine ecosystems, aquatic biodiversity, and human quality of life. Indonesia is even listed

as the second largest contributor of marine debris in the world after China. Based on data

from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF, 2022), around 3.2 million tons of

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Asnita Ode Samili et.al (Habits and Lifestyles of Coastal....)

plastic waste every year end up in Indonesian seas. This condition shows a low level of

public awareness and participation in waste management. Intense interaction of coastal

communities with the marine environment is not balanced with the behavior of maintaining

environmental cleanliness and sustainability. In addition, the geographical location of

settlements that are directly adjacent to the sea and the limitations of waste management

facilities and infrastructure, such as landfills, temporary waste shelters, and transportation

systems, further exacerbate the level of pollution. As a result, household waste such as plastic

packaging, mineral water bottles, and food waste accumulates in coastal areas or is carried by

currents into sea waters. Thus, environmental problems in coastal areas are not only caused

by a lack of infrastructure, but are also closely related to the habits, behaviors, and lifestyles

of the local community in managing waste (Anjani et al., 2025).

People's habits and lifestyles in disposing of garbage reflect the level of awareness and

concern for the environment. In coastal areas, such as Madapolo Village, the behavior of

throwing garbage into the sea is generally influenced by hereditary habits, low levels of

education, and socio-economic conditions of the community. The ocean is often perceived as

an infinite space capable of accommodating different types of waste, so the disposal of

garbage directly into the sea or beach is considered a prevalent action and has no

consequences. This behavior is further strengthened by the absence of a community-based

waste management system and the lack of environmental education provided by the

government and related institutions. Most coastal communities work in the informal sector,

such as fishermen, who in their daily activities often use consumables with single-use

packaging. Waste from such packaging is generally disposed of directly into the sea after

use. (Ilyas & Hartini, 2022) In addition, people who live on the beach or river tend to throw

household waste into the area behind the house that is directly adjacent to the water. This

habit sustainably forms social behavior patterns that are difficult to change without

intervention in the form of social approaches, continuous education, and firm policy

implementation. Low public knowledge about the long-term impact of waste on marine

ecosystems has also worsened the condition of the coastal environment. Education on waste

management, recycling practices, and waste sorting is still very limited. In fact, simple

actions such as separating organic and inorganic waste or processing waste into compost

have the potential to have a positive impact on environmental sustainability (Gosal et al.,

2020).

Cultural factors and social values have a significant influence on people's lifestyles in

managing waste. In a number of coastal areas, traditional values such as togetherness and

mutual cooperation are still upheld, but their implementation in maintaining environmental

cleanliness has not been carried out consistently. Community service activities or

environmental cleaning are generally only carried out before the commemoration of religious

holidays or village events, not as a routine activity inherent in daily life. The lack of role of

community leaders and customary institutions in providing examples, direction, and

environmental education has also slowed down changes in community behavior. Thus,

people's habits in disposing of waste can not only be reviewed from the technical aspects of

waste management, but must also be understood through social, cultural, and psychological

perspectives. In this context, research on the habits and lifestyles of the people in Madapolo

Village is important as an effort to identify the root of the problem of waste management in

coastal areas. The results of the research are expected to be the basis for formulating relevant,

comprehensive, and locally based solutions, so as to be able to encourage sustainable

behavior change in maintaining environmental sustainability (Saptenno et al., 2022).

The habit of littering in coastal areas has a significant impact on the environment and

social life of the community. The accumulation of garbage in coastal areas and marine waters

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Asnita Ode Samili et.al (Habits and Lifestyles of Coastal....)

causes a decrease in the quality of coastal ecosystems. Plastic waste that is difficult to

decompose can damage coral reefs, disrupt marine habitats, and endanger fish and other

marine organisms that have the potential to ingest microplastics. This condition not only

disrupts the balance of the ecosystem, but also has an impact on the decline of fishermen's

catches. Fish that come from polluted waters are at risk of containing harmful substances that

can eventually enter the human food chain (Ilma et al., 2021). Thus, the problem of marine

debris is not just an aesthetic problem, but a threat to human health and the sustainability of

natural resources. Piles of garbage in coastal areas can also hinder economic activities, such

as marine tourism, fishing, and trade in marine products. From the social side, the habit of

littering reflects the low awareness of the public towards the responsibility to protect the

environment. A polluted environment can trigger conflicts between residents, especially

when garbage is carried by ocean currents to other areas. People also often complain about

unpleasant odors and garbage build-up around coastal settlements, especially during the

westerly wind season when waves bring garbage to the mainland. This condition has an

impact on the decline in the comfort and quality of life of the community. In addition,

environmental pollution due to garbage also tarnishes the image of the village as an area that

does not care about cleanliness. In fact, villages have great potential to be developed as

ecological and cultural-based tourist destinations if environmental management is carried out

optimally (Purwiningsih & Ishak, 2019).

People who grow up in an environment with the habit of littering will imitate this

behavior and consider it natural. Without environmental education from an early age, this

behavior will continue to be passed down from generation to generation. The problem of

cleanliness in coastal areas cannot be solved by providing only physical facilities such as

garbage cans or transport vehicles. A socio-cultural approach through public awareness is

also needed. Raising awareness can be done through community-based environmental

education, the involvement of traditional and religious leaders in cleanliness campaigns, and

the implementation of social sanctions for violators. This participatory approach is believed

to be able to encourage sustainable behavior change, this study aims to provide an overview

of the formation of habits and lifestyles of coastal communities, the factors that affect them,

and their impact on the environment and social life. With this understanding, the waste

management strategy formulated is expected to be not only technically effective, but also in

harmony with the social and cultural character of the local community.

2. Method

This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive research to understand

the habits and lifestyles of coastal communities in disposing of garbage in Madapolo Village,

North Obi District. Data was collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews

with residents and community leaders, and visual documentation. Observations were carried

out to directly observe people's behavior in disposing of garbage, while interviews were used

to explore their perceptions, knowledge, and motivations. Informants were selected using

purposive sampling techniques that targeted active citizens. Data was analyzed by thematic

analysis method through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion

drawn. This method provides a comprehensive overview of the community's lifestyle and the

factors that affect the habit of throwing garbage on the coast of Madapolo Village.

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3. Result and Discussion

A. Result

The habit of throwing garbage in Madapolo Village is influenced by the lifestyle

inherited from generation to generation and the low public understanding of the impact of

waste on the marine environment. Many residents still throw garbage directly into the sea

because it is considered a common thing and does not cause problems. Some other people

already have the awareness to dispose of garbage in its place. This condition shows a

mismatch between knowledge and action. Overall, the behavior of throwing garbage in

Madapolo Village is caused by a lack of environmental understanding and a lack of waste

management facilities.

The results of data processing from 70 respondents can be presented through the

following table:

Table 1. Data Analysis Results

Variabel

Kategori

Age

≤ 35 year

> 35 year

Education

Low

Tall

Work

Not working

Habit

Good

Less

Lifestyle

Good

Less

Garbage Disposal Behavior

Good

Less

Based on the table presented, most of the respondents in this study were in the age group

≤ 35 years, namely 56 people (80%), while respondents aged > 35 years amounted to 14

people (20%). This shows that the majority of respondents are at a productive age and

relatively young, so they have good adaptability and information reception. Judging from the

level of education, most of the respondents have low education, namely 65 people (92%), and

only 5 people (8%) are highly educated. This condition reflects that most of the respondents

have a primary to secondary education background, so it can affect their mindset, knowledge,

and the application of daily behavior. In the employment variable, as many as 49 respondents

(70%) had a job, while 21 respondents (30%) did not work. This shows that the majority of

respondents have economic activities and social responsibilities, which can affect their

lifestyle and habits. In terms of habits, as many as 54 respondents (78%) had bad habits, while

only 16 respondents (22%) had good habits. Similarly, in lifestyle, the majority of

respondents, namely 51 people (73%), have a poor lifestyle, while 19 people (27%) have a

good lifestyle. This illustrates that the level of awareness of respondents towards a healthy

lifestyle is still relatively low. In the variable of waste disposal behavior, as many as 52

respondents (74%) had poor behavior in throwing garbage, while only 18 respondents (25%)

behaved well. This data shows that there is still a need to increase awareness and education

about the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness.

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a) Education

Based on the respondent characteristics table, the education variables show that most

people have a low level of education, namely as many as 65 people (92%), while only 5

people (8%) have higher education. The very dominant percentage in the low education

category gives an idea that the level of literacy and public understanding of the

environment, cleanliness, and waste management is still limited. This condition can

affect people's mindset and behavior in disposing of garbage, especially in coastal areas

that are vulnerable to environmental pollution. People with low education tend to have

limited access to information related to the adverse impact of waste on marine

ecosystems, health, and quality of life. They rely more on hereditary habits than on

scientific-based knowledge or formal rules. This can be seen from the still high

percentage of discarding behavior in the table. Conversely, although the number of

highly educated people is very small, this group has the potential to be agents of change

because they have a better understanding of the importance of protecting the

environment. However, their influence may be less significant due to their limited

numbers. Thus, the low level of education is one of the factors that contribute to the

formation of habits and lifestyles that do not care about the environment. This shows the

need for community-based education, environmental counseling, and strengthening the

role of local leaders to increase public awareness related to more responsible waste

management.

b) Work

Based on the respondent characteristics table, the employment variables showed that

most of the people who became respondents had working status as many as 49 people

(70%), while the other 21 people (30%) were not working. This composition gives an

idea that the majority of people have economic activities, either as fishermen, small

traders, laborers, and other informal jobs that are commonly found in coastal areas. The

high number of people who work can affect their habits in managing waste. Busy daily

activities often make people lack time and attention to how to dispose of waste correctly.

In addition, jobs that are directly related to the sea such as fishing tend to throw garbage

into the waters because it is considered a practical habit and has been going on for a long

time. Meanwhile, the group that did not work had more time in the household

environment. This is not always directly proportional to good waste disposal behavior.

The lack of economic activity and limited environmental knowledge can make this

group continue to carry out the habit of littering. This condition shows that work is not

only related to economic activities, but also affects environmental awareness. Therefore,

an environmental education and awareness program is needed that targets all work

groups, especially those directly related to coastal resources. That way, bad habits in

throwing waste can be changed into more responsible and sustainable behaviors.

c) Habit

Based on the table, the habit variable showed that as many as 16 respondents (22%)

had good habits in protecting the environment, while 54 respondents (78%) were

classified as having bad habits. The dominance of numbers in the category of habits is

lacking shows that most people still do not implement behaviors that support

environmental cleanliness, especially in terms of disposing of garbage. Habits are

behaviors that are repeated and part of the daily routine. In the context of coastal

communities in Madapolo Village, the habit of littering, whether into the sea, river, or

open areas, has become a practice that has been inherited from generation to generation.

This habit is formed due to the lack of access to waste management facilities, the lack of

social and legal sanctions, and the low understanding of the long-term impact of waste

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Asnita Ode Samili et.al (Habits and Lifestyles of Coastal....)

on the marine environment and public health. On the other hand, a small part of society

with good habits generally has an awareness that waste must be managed properly. They

are used to throwing garbage in its place, burning household garbage, or collecting

garbage to dispose of in a specific location. This small group has the potential to be an

example in society, but its influence is not too great because its numbers are still limited.

The high level of bad habits is also influenced by social factors such as low

environmental supervision, weak role of community leaders, and lack of education from

the government or related institutions. Therefore, the formation of positive habits must

be carried out through educational and participatory approaches, such as socialization,

collective habituation, mutual cooperation activities, and setting examples by local

leaders. Thus, habit variables have an important role in influencing the lifestyle of

coastal communities in disposing of garbage. Changing habits towards more

environmentally conscious behavior requires time, consistency, and support from

various parties to keep the coastal environment clean and sustainable.

d) Lifestyle

Based on the respondent characteristics table, lifestyle variables showed that as many

as 19 respondents (27%) had a good lifestyle, while 51 respondents (73%) had a poor

lifestyle. This data shows that most people have not implemented a lifestyle that

supports environmental cleanliness and health, especially in household waste

management. Lifestyle is the way a person lives their daily life, including eating habits,

maintaining personal and environmental hygiene, and how they treat the environment. In

coastal communities, lifestyles are strongly influenced by local culture, education level,

and social environment. Poor lifestyles such as throwing garbage into the sea, letting

garbage pile up around the house, or not sorting organic and inorganic waste, are still

common practices. This can cause environmental pollution, unpleasant odors, and the

appearance of diseases transmitted through an unhealthy environment. On the other

hand, respondents who have a good lifestyle usually show behaviors such as throwing

garbage in its place, keeping the yard clean, and participating in mutual cooperation

activities to clean the environment. However, the number of these groups is still small so

they are not able to exert a significant influence on the overall society. Other factors that

affect people's lifestyles are the lack of facilities such as garbage dumps, lack of

education, and the weak role of the government and community leaders in providing

guidance. Therefore, changes in people's lifestyles require an educative and sustainable

approach, such as environmental counseling, community involvement in hygiene

programs, and the provision of waste management facilities. Thus, lifestyle variables

play an important role in shaping the behavior of coastal communities towards waste

management. Improving a healthier lifestyle and caring for the environment will have a

positive impact on environmental sustainability and the welfare of the people of

Madapolo Village.

e) Garbage Disposal Behavior

Based on the table presented, the variables of waste disposal behavior showed that as

many as 18 respondents (25%) had good behavior, while 52 respondents (74%) showed

bad behavior in disposing of garbage. A high percentage in the poor category indicates

that the majority of people still do not have enough awareness of the importance of

proper and responsible waste management. This behavior is reflected in the habit of

throwing garbage in the sea, river, or open areas around settlements without paying

attention to the long-term impact. This practice not only pollutes the coastal

environment, but also threatens marine ecosystems, public health, and environmental

comfort. This negative behavior often occurs due to the lack of garbage disposal

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facilities, lack of environmental education, and strong hereditary habits that are

considered commonplace. On the contrary, a small number of people who have good

waste disposal behavior show awareness to protect the environment. They dispose of

garbage in the place provided, collect garbage to be burned or disposed of at a certain

point, and are involved in environmental cleanliness activities. However, their limited

number makes their influence not significant in the community. The behavior of

throwing garbage is greatly influenced by education, habits, lifestyle, and support from

the social environment. Therefore, real efforts are needed such as counseling, improving

facilities, the active role of community leaders, and the application of rules or sanctions

so that people begin to get used to disposing of garbage properly. Thus, the behavior of

throwing garbage is an important indicator that reflects the level of public concern for

environmental cleanliness. Behavioural change in a more positive direction needs to be

encouraged in a sustainable manner for the creation of a clean, healthy, and sustainable

coastal environment.

B. Discussion

People's waste disposal behavior is greatly influenced by various internal and external

factors. According to Habibi, (2023), Human behavior is shaped by the factors of knowledge,

attitude, and action (knowledge, attitude, practice). In this context, the low level of public

education (92% of low education) reflects a lack of knowledge about the impact of waste on

the environment. Limited knowledge causes low environmental awareness, so the behavior

of littering becomes considered natural. This is in line with the opinion Indrayanti, (2023),

that predisposing factors such as education and knowledge affect the formation of behavior.

In addition to education, work also contributes to garbage disposal behavior. According to

Soedjono, (2025) Reinforcing factors explain that the work environment and habits of social

groups can reinforce certain behaviors. People who work as fishermen or laborers in coastal

areas often throw garbage directly into the sea because it is considered practical and does not

cause direct consequences. Meanwhile, people who do not work also do not necessarily have

better behavior due to the lack of education and waste management facilities. Habits

according to Chrismawati, (2022) is the result of the process of repetition (reinforcement).

Data shows that 78% of people have bad habits, which are formed from generation to

generation without any social or legal sanctions. The habit of littering that continues to be

carried out will develop into social behavior that is difficult to change if there is no

educational or regulatory intervention. Lifestyle according to Mauludiyah & Sholeh, (2018)

is a person's behavior pattern in living life, including the way they treat their environment.

As many as 73% of people have a poor lifestyle, shown by the behavior of not maintaining

house cleanliness, not sorting waste, and not throwing garbage in the place provided. This

factor is exacerbated by the lack of facilities such as public garbage cans, garbage

transportation systems, and the lack of role of the government and community leaders. The

behavior of throwing garbage as the main indicator shows that 74% of people still have bad

behavior. According to Jalil, (2024), Behavior is influenced by intention, subjective norms,

and perception of control. Low social norms about cleanliness and weak environmental

control cause this bad behavior to persist. Thus, changes in the behavior of coastal

communities require comprehensive interventions based on education, the provision of

facilities, the strengthening of the role of local figures, and the implementation of regulations

to create a clean and sustainable coastal environment.

4. Conclusion

The behavior of littering in coastal communities is influenced by various internal and

external factors, such as education, knowledge, habits, occupation, lifestyle, and social norms.

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Asnita Ode Samili et.al (Habits and Lifestyles of Coastal....)

Low levels of education and knowledge lead to a lack of environmental awareness. Hereditary

habits and unclean lifestyles reinforce the behavior of littering. The lack of facilities and the

weak role of the government and community leaders also worsened the condition. To

overcome this problem, comprehensive interventions are needed through education, provision

of facilities, strengthening the role of local leaders, and implementing regulations to create

positive behavior and a clean and sustainable coastal environment.

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